Monsignor Ignacio Barreiro discusses Spain after the fall of the Visigothic Kingdom to the Moslem invaders of 711 A.D. After describing the Christian retreat to the northern reaches of the peninsula, he explains the life of the Church in both its free and Moslem-dominated areas. The problems of Christian survival in an Islamic State are also outlined. Taken from the Roman Forum Gardone Symposium 2007 - Christianity and the Carolinigians (751-896).