War in France made a return of the Papacy to Italy appealing. Italy, however, was in a disastrous and divided state. A return to Rome led to the Great Western Schism, with two and then three papal courts competing with one another. All of the struggles to resolve the issue evoked more problems. Conciliarism, heresy, and corruption grew apace. Dr. John Rao discusses the complexity and interrelation of all of these problems. Taken from: Christianity in the Late Middle Ages-Early Renaissance - 1996 VonHildebrand Institute