Dr. John Rao continues the previous discussion by illustrating that separation of the modern from modernity involved work on many levels. It included theology, philosophy, biblical exegesis, historical studies, the question of the relationship of Church and State, and Catholic Action in such matters as the formation of political parties and labor unions. Leo XIII's condemnation of Americanism and Pius X's syllabus in Pascendi, attack on the Sillon, and support for Italian participation in political life were major aspects of the work of separation. Taken from: The Church of Eugenio Pacelli - 2000 VonHildebrand Institute