Engagement with the enemy involved many initiatives. These included exploration of the use of certain modern scholarly tools in biblical research and interpretations. They also involved efforts to protect the Church through good-willed negotiations with anti-Catholic governments like that of the Third Republic of France in the 1890's. Dr. John Rao explores the hopes and limitations of such gambles by Pope Leo XIII. Taken from: Phoenix in a Fiery World: Church in the 19th Century - 1999 VonHildebrand Institute