The internal debate fed on the "vitalist" and "personalist" ideas described by Dr. John Rao in some detail. These claimed that in order to succeed in both the external missionary world and the internal Christianized world's fight for political domination and social justice, it was necessary for Catholics to tap into what was most "energetic" in modern life. That meant trying to understand Marxism, Fascism, Youth, and non-Christian cultures, and "diving" into and promoting their conquering spirit. Opponents to these views said that Catholics would lose their identity if they did so. Taken from: The Church of Eugenio Pacelli - 2000 VonHildebrand Institute